1. Introduction:
Pixhawk 3DR kit is delivered by default with a 4S maximum power module. For those wanting to use 5S or 6S or higher voltage batteries there is currently, to my best knowledge, no “how-to” guide for the Pixhawk board. I therefore decided to document it for others who might need it too.
For those who would like the same “how-to guide” for APM 2.x , here is a link I wrote a while ago:
Pixhawk comes standard with three (redundant) ways to powered it up:
1-USB : not used to fly obviously; just useful on the ground for connection on a ground station software.
2-The power module port accepting a maximum input voltage of 5.7volts (and will not get destroyed up to 20 Volts input)
3-The RC input pins. Will accept a maximum voltage of 5.7volts also (and is also protected up to 20 Volts)
This guide assumes a use of Pixhawk’s power module port which provides not only a way to power the board but also the pins to measure current and voltage values of the main battery.
This guide assumes a use of a 6S battery in combination with a Attopilot current & Voltage sensor board. This Attopilot “power module” replaces the 3DR 4S limited power module. The Attopilot board comes in three flavors: 45 amps, 90 amps or 180 amps.
The choice of the right Attopilot board (45A, 90A or 180 A) will depend on your motor/props combination: take the Attopilot version that has the smallest amps capacity above your max multicopter current consumption. However we will introduce in this guide a way to use the 90 amps Attopilot board to measure up to 150 amps, still using Pixhawk’s power module port.
2. Attopilot description:
An Attopilot board provides three wire soldering pads to solder : a current measurement wire, a voltage measurement wire and a ground wire. See picture below:
Attopilot 90A support up to 50Volts for a maximum of 90A. However the resistor specifications exceed the 90A limitation which makes it possible to use it for measuring 150 amps (we will take this as a assumed max current as our example for the rest of the explanation).
The datasheet of Attopilot specifies that the Voltage measurement wire outputs an analog voltage of 63,69 milliVolt per Volt. Similarly the current measurement wire outputs an analog voltage of 36,60 milliVolt per Volt.
So for a 6S battery the maximum analog voltage values will be:
-For voltage measurement: [min 0V - max 1.6V]
-For current measurement: [min 0V – max 3,3 V]
3. Pixhawk power port description (pinout):
Reusing the excellent pixhawk infographics published in the wiki, the image shows circled in yellow where the power port is on the pixhawk board.
The power port is a so-called DF13 connector with 6 pins.
The six pins of this connector are assigned in the following order, starting by the red wire on the leftmost pin:
Power Port Pinout Description:
- 1- Vcc (5V input)
- 2- Vcc (5V input)
- 3- I (Battery current measurement analog voltage input)
- 4- V (Battery voltage measurement analog voltage input)
- 5- Ground
- 6- Ground
4. Wiring Case 1 : to measure up to a maximum of 90 amps
The connections between Attopilot and Pixhawk are shown in the illustration below:
We have added an optional BEC in the illustration that would be connected to the Vcc and Ground wires of the power module. It is optional as Pixhawk could alternatively be powered via the RC inputs.
4. Wiring Case 2 : to measure up to a maximum of 150 amps
The connections between Attopilot and Pixhawk will integrate resistors to be able to measure up to 150 amps.
Indeed the ADC of this power port on Pixhawk has a range of 0-3.3V. This means that for the maximum true current of 150 amps, we want the current analog wire of Attopilot to output maximum 3.3Volts (as it is the case in case1 for 90 amps max without additional resistors).
Note : this part has been updated with a resistor scheme simplification (only one resistor to add in parallel rather than the originally classical R1, R2 resistors divider) thanks to a contribution of Bo, a diydrones member who analyzed in depth the Attopilot circuitry.
So we will build a small resistors divider on wire 3 (current measurement) & wire 5 or 6 (Ground) as follows:
The Attopilot current measurement output masks a circuit that contains an existing output resistor called Rl. According to the Attopilot datasheet, the following equation links to measured current I (called MeasuredCurrent in the equation), the output analog voltage for current measurement Vout, and an existing Rs resistor in Attopilot:
What we want is to get Vout = 3,3 when Current =150 amps. To do this we will add a new external resisto (Rx) in parallel with the existing Attopilot Rl resistor, so that the new resulting Rl resistor (called Rl’) must be (knowing that Rs = 0.5Mohm as per Attopilot specs):
Therefore we can calculate the Rx resistor value we need to add in parallel as follows:
So, Rx must be ~ 110kohm to have a Vout at 3.3V when the measured current is 150 amps.
You can choose another max amp output (but I would not advise higher than 150 amps with the 90 amps Attopilot, otherwise use the 180 amps version instead) and calculate the resulting Rx resistor
As a result, when the current is 150amps, Vout will have value of 3.3Volts.
5. Mission planner / parameters configuration in battery monitor screen:
In the battery monitor parameters screen, you can manually select which current and voltage sensor you are using. In the present case, you will select the power module and modify the following parameters to make the mission planner voltage and current display match the real values (measured using a wattmeter for example). The explanation below is an extract from the Arducopter parameters list.
Battery monitoring (BATT_MONITOR)
Controls enabling monitoring of the battery’s voltage and current
Value | Meaning |
0 | Disabled |
3 | Voltage Only |
4 | Voltage and Current |
Battery Voltage sensing pin (BATT_VOLT_PIN)
Setting this to 0 ~ 13 will enable battery current sensing on pins A0 ~ A13. For the 3DR power brick on APM2.5 it should be set to 13. On the PX4 it should be set to 100. On the Pixhawk powered from the PM connector it should be set to 2.
Value | Meaning |
-1 | Disabled |
0 | A0 |
1 | A1 |
2 | Pixhawk |
13 | A13 |
100 | PX4 |
Battery Current sensing pin (BATT_CURR_PIN)
Setting this to 0 ~ 13 will enable battery current sensing on pins A0 ~ A13. For the 3DR power brick on APM2.5 it should be set to 12. On the PX4 it should be set to 101. On the Pixhawk powered from the PM connector it should be set to 3.
Value | Meaning |
-1 | Disabled |
1 | A1 |
2 | A2 |
3 | Pixhawk |
12 | A12 |
101 | PX4 |
Voltage Multiplier (BATT_VOLT_MULT)
Used to convert the voltage of the voltage sensing pin (BATT_VOLT_PIN) to the actual battery’s voltage (pin_voltage * VOLT_MULT). For the 3DR Power brick on APM2 or Pixhawk, this should be set to 10.1. For the Pixhawk with the 3DR 4in1 ESC this should be 12.02. For the PX4 using the PX4IO power supply this should be set to 1.
This is a parameter to adjust to match the real Voltage value with the displayed mission planner value.
Amps per volt (BATT_AMP_PERVOLT)
Number of amps that a 1V reading on the current sensor corresponds to. On the APM2 or Pixhawk using the 3DR Power brick this should be set to 17. For the Pixhawk with the 3DR 4in1 ESC this should be 17. Units: A/V.
This is a parameter to adjust to match the real Voltage value with the displayed mission planner value.
There you go! I hope this will help you configure your pixhawk with higher than 4S batteries.
Cheers,
Hugues
Comments
Just for interest i am using the stock 3dr power module on 6s for voltage and current monitoring but i removed the piggyback board, tantalum cap and diode. Am yet to test the accuracy of the current but voltage looks good. The pixhawk is powered from a 5v 10amp BEC so there is more than enough headroom for a servo or two aswell.
Thank you Huges
thx very much Gary, I appreciate it.
Hi Hugues,
Really nice Blog.
I have made a common wiki page out of it here:
http://planner.ardupilot.com/wiki/common-using-a-pixhawk-with-6s-ba...
I really didn't change anything except the header format but if there are any changes you would like to see or if you would like me to remove it, please let me know here and I will be happy to do as you wish.
Best Regards,
Gary
@S.Rado : done.
Documentation page was added here :
http://pixhawk.org/users/tutorials/pixhawk_6s_mod
@SRado, thx. I will do.
@Hugues: Would be great if you could add your guide to the Pixhawk Wiki at http://pixhawk.org/ !
Just register at http://pixhawk.org/?do=register and create a new page, best place would be http://pixhawk.org/users/tutorials/pixhawk_6s_mod
There already is a tutorial for the PX4IO at http://pixhawk.org/users/tutorials/6s_mod
@Robert, Pixhawk works fine, according to specifications, with an as low voltage of 4.1V and up to 5.7V.
So a 5V input on the power port is perfectly fine (and remains fine if for some reason it drops to 4.7V).
However I've never tried on the field (yet) at 4.1V.
@Hugues, actually, what I am concerned about is the opposite effect. You'd be power with 5.0V rather than 5.3V as the PM currently supplies. Will 5.0V result in a Vcc of 4.7V same as it will on an APM, and then will that cause any problems?