I have a doubt regarding the antennas. what decides the range of an antenna?is it the db or the input power. should the antenna signal be amplified before giving the signal to it. is the input signal power deciding the range. please clarify.
what antenna should i use for maximum range.(15-20kms) with video
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I think you have good understanding if this except for the last part. The gain of an antenna is the same weather transmitting or receiving. Data sheets on antennas have only one gain pattern, no Tx or Rx. Gain is gain.
You can only increase the power so much before you run into problems with licensing. Operating high power transmitters requires a license in most countries.
That leaves you with the only real option if operating a lower power transmitter paired with a higher gain antenna.
The higher the gain on the antenna the greater the distance you can transmit / receive but the more precisely you need to point the antenna at the plane.
To get the distances you want you may need to look at some kind of automatic tracking antenna.