Yutaca Sawai's Posts (8)

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Hello everyone.

This demonstration simulates flapping movements when the bat lifts up as well as thrusts forward.

We already recognized the fundamental mechanisms of flight of insects and bats through the divine formula. https://youtu.be/5p_oaCjPSS4 https://youtu.be/oYIEECRYmdM This time, Varipon Institute added a mechanism to bend the fingers and fold the wings in the flying of bats. This is feedback of the advanced mechanism cultivated in the research and development of the human swimming stroke so far. https://youtu.be/OOLJuDmayvw

Varipon Institute now provide you the movement modeling data at the official site. You can explore other flapping and add further improvements.

The movement modeling data :
http://varipon.com/index.php/work-plan-9/task-94-bats-and-divine-formula/

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Starting this month, I have been sluggish and have failed a lot. But, one dignified professional activities touched my mind and woke up my cognitive ability. Then, I committed all of the possible modifications, and the whole analysis was completed.
 
Following the progress of cutting edge technologies, I am constantly pursuing work should be performed by humans.
Artificial intelligence can not establish a theory for the biomechanics which is continuum mechanics.
I have established a new physical movement theory for that.
 
Until now, I've been converted the voluntary movements of animal bodies into linear movements using the formulas and theorem. This time, I'll explain a realistic solution capable of having more efficient implementation to provide animal type unmanned vehicle.
 
I present figure always simple. Look at the curves shown by the axis of rotations.
Instead of physically implementing "biomechanical link mechanical arm" which rotates shoulder, we can implant that formulas as invisible arm in an FPGA circuit. Thus we own the control of nonlinear motion of the three axes of shoulder articulation while using three brushless micro motors (which are often used for wind power generation's controlling).
 
As a remarkable feature of our formulas, We have a big advantage that it can linearly control the nonlinear movement of animal wings optimized for the physical phenomenon of the global environment such as Karman vortex street and Turbulence. This is very advantageous for controlling flocking (swarm behavior) of small animal drones.
 
As a masterpiece of craftsmanship, it would be worthwhile to physically implement "the invisible formula in the shoulder" as well. However, it is not practical.
Read more…

Task 3.1 : Biomechanical Equestrian simulation

Hello everyone,
Long time no see.

My animal-type drone research and development launched the new open institute "Varipon Institute" at Blender Network.

From now on, we will provide you modeling data of movement mechanism operating on land, at sea, in the air, and in the space using free 3D software Blender.

In the future, we will be able to analyze using these data with OpenCFD (purhaps OpenFOAM).

My efforts came to be known little by little.
State-of-the-art companies such as NVIDIA and Amazon comes to search for me on LinkedIn.

Task 3.1 : Biomechanical Equestrian simulation (above)

This biomechanical finite element analysis (BFEA) will contribute to increase the force of Equestrian sisters and brothers, as well as Development of animal type drones.

You can download the movement modeling data from the official page.
http://varipon.com/index.php/work-plan-3/task-31/
Let's try 3D simulation.

Varipon Institute first shares the modeling data of the horses movements as a Python program. The final release of all assets of the horse 3D model will be shared according to the release of Blender 2.8.

For the next time, I'll provide you the python script on blender for the fluttering biomechanical link mechanism of the wings of bats and insects.

See you again.

Best

Yutaca Sawai

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Task 2.8 : Biomechanical simulation of Butterfly swimming (Improved version)

The biomechanical mechanism of butterfly swimming technology is very difficult and it is still necessary to continue the research. I could not be satisfied with my first achievement in this year and I rebuilt it over and over again. Therefore it became necessary for several days for this research.

The movement of the shoulder is very characteristic. It boldly spreads her arms, bravely rushes, draws an arc, draws back to the waist again. When I was designing this aggressive arm movement mechanism, adrenaline came out.

Task 2.7 : Biomechanical simulation of Breaststroke swimming

The final mechanism analysis has completed now.
I'm planning to open and share this revolutionary rapid development framework.
As a result of years of analysis to the esoteric mechanism of the animal shoulder, I came now to use the bolt action mechanism of the rifle that was widely used for US military weapons during the Civil War.
Let's make this using our best.

3689726585?profile=original

3689726710?profile=originalFrom this year I will begin physical implementation of animal drone with high-level mechanics. We will be able to develop compact and organic tillers and cultivators. It can be produced in Canada and Mexico using precision parts made in the USA. It is feasible. I would use this effort to improve the industry between the USA, Canada and Mexico along with the end of NAFTA. In order to resurrect agriculture in Mexico, Branding is very important. To that end, promote the research and development of Mexican herbal medicines and organic farming methods. If cooperate with herbalists from Switzerland and France, It will be able to do interesting production. We can also get inspiration from Biodynamic farming of Rudolph Steiner and Natural Farming Method of Fukuoka Masanobu.

On the other hand, Now I see the European industry is troubled by the multinational companies. After confusing due to the emissions fraud, now there is a conspiracy to eradicate herbs and insects with herbicides and pesticides. In Europe, herbs have been used for medicine and bees have been used for honey and cosmetics.

Task 8.7 : Biomechanical simulation of jellyfishes


I notice the similarity relationship between jellyfish fins and ideal hand finger movements.

Task 2.5.1 : Biomechanical simulation of hands, the automatisme in orthopedics (final edition)


What are the advantages of these products?

A universal biomechanical linkage mechanism that I propose has no waste and allows rapid revolutionary development to deal with various types of small-scale production. This is very effective in the digitization and horizontal distribution of labor, which is the backbone of next generation manufacturing industry.

It provides infinite applications, it is possible to provide artificial automatic prostheses with high mobility, as well as it can also be used for the neuro-orthopedic rehabilitation method using an augmented reality device, exercise for athletes, animal and insect drones, collective intelligence and swarm intelligence (tactical training of ice hockey), etc.

The artificial animal bodies made up by the universal biomechanical link mechanism are superior in terms of light weight, energy saving and cost. It works with few actuators and generates a powerful inertial force. Therefore, there are various environments that it can use. It is also suitable for use in extreme conditions beyond the limits of activity of natural animals, such as life saving rescues in natural disasters, deep sea exploration, high-radiation environments such as outer space.

An electric motor is a higher torque output unit, but it is difficult to perform as gasoline engines, which maintains the maximum power required for conventional rotating elements such as wheels. As a result, the cruise distance is shortened, and the size of the battery increases.

The universal biomechanical link mechanism can draw the efficiency characteristics of the electric motor. In other words, it is applied to the impulse of the artificial wings and the artificial hind legs while obtaining high torque at low rpm. Using the natural environment as a springboard it can increase stride length and it can also charge the battery with like an automatic winding mechanism of a watch while using the pulse vibration generated by the movement of artificial limbs.

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Dear ladies and gentlemen,
I present a plan of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles in the future.

The biomechanical simulation of crawling swimmers (above) 

Other examples

The biomechanical simulation of hand movement :
(It is similar to jellyfish propulsion mechanism.)

The biomechanical simulation of rays' fins :

The biomechanical simulation of anomalocaris :

These creations were born from a discovery of the theorem of voluntary movement of natural animal as well as an invention of the universal mechanical linkage.

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My work in progress :

In May, I was invited to ARTIS the Royal Zoo in Amsterdam. The director request me for the physical implementation of artificial animal. So, I'm proposing to rapid prototype using 3D printing and other affordable hardware and software.

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Industrial trends :

NVIDIA Isaac (Unreal Engine 4 based virtual simulator) can train AI of such as robot that runs with wheels, robot that fly in the sky with propellers, robot that moves underwater with screws. So I can produce mechanical legs in place of wheel, mechanical wings in place of propeller, and mechanical fins in place of screw. The burden of mechanism analysis (work to obtain the joint parameters to optimal exercise) which occupy the majority of my production process will be greatly improved by Isaac and AI.

With the new image guided application platforms based on Augmented Reality such as the Microsoft HoloLens, I'm considering to contribute to 3D drone application and medical treatment / rehabilitation / scientific research.

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Background :

I'm a Romandy(French speaking Swiss)-based independent scientist.

In November 2005, when I was watching the demonstration of androids made in the 19th century at the museum of Neuchatel, I met a NAS engineer (NASA Advanced Supercomputing division).
He was invited by NASA after developed many cars in Subaru.
He was a super generalist who understood all the manufacturing processes during this period. Therefore, NAS needed his outstanding overall wisdom for the high end CAD design and manufacturing of the Mars probe.
He instructed me with a lot of advice. He immediately noticed my potential talent through his experiences and was expecting me. He predicted that I would become famous little by little.
Today, open source software has evolved, and hardware has become cheaper and convenient.
So, I made the effort to be a generalist like him.

In 2006, 2007 I settled in Sainte-Croix. then participated in the project of François Junod (He is a great master of automata creator.) and Leganess city of Spain, and actually supervised the production of large artificial horse.

Later I moved to La Chaux-de-Fonds. I learned the game theory and the principle concept of biomechanics of Chinese martial arts.

In 2012, under the approval of the French state, I launched a new project. And I made a revolutionary invention. At that time, I found a new theory of voluntary movement which was submitted by Abraham-Louis Breguet, a physicist and horologist in his book "Essay about the animal force and the principle of voluntary movement" in the early 19th century. I decided to promote a new research and development by combining his theory in my inxentions. This is my philosophical approach. then I was invited to the Breguet Museum at Paris.

I study the wisdom of Huguenot and anti-Qing Dynasty resistance forces. It is the same as during the Renaissance period, Leonardo da Vinci studied the wisdom of ancient Greece and Roman culture from Arab and Bizants. Their internal reform efforts are an open system that has external interactions. That become a philosophy lead a natural science which find the trust in providence to evolve the human race and that future.

醫生為機匠 The Doctor as Mechanic

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(These analysis has still room for improvement, it will be resolved by the computer evolution. and I heard a humor of Tesla Motors that Model S Easter egg turns car into submarine. So In the next step, I'll show the biomechanical fish fins which can replace the conventional screw propellers. It useful for the unmanned underwater vehicles. 

As well as I'll study the structural design from the American railway locomotive industry before the physical implementation.)

Details :

Already a lot of people were surprised to this wing mechanism.
I observed their reaction, and understand the importance.
In the academic field, it was a discovery become crazy.

Now, I talk a truth about these ideas a little.
But, it is what hard to imagine.

Vortices inherently create drag. we can understand that with as the Cardoid curve movement, our formula (later mention) generate a symmetric vortex street pattern, unlike the Karman vortex street. and animal machine can recapture some of this energy and use it to improve speed and maneuverability.

This wing mechanism is attributed to some biomechanical techniques from Wing Chun Kung Fu. (This martial art was invented by observing the movement of white crane which was fighting against snake.)

1) Bong Sao (A.K.A. Wing Arm)
2) Tan Sao (Dispersing Arm)
3) Gan Sao (Cultivating Arm)
4) Luk Dim Boon Gwun (Long Pole)

I'm learning the above arts from an european-styled exercise method called "Wing Tjun" and Donnie Yen's IP Man movies series.

3689694769?profile=original


As well as, that fundamental geometric formula of voluntary movement has been attributed to the oriental philosophy in Tai Chi Chuan.

1) Yin and Yang (Dark—Bright)
2) Bagua (Eight trigrams)

I got an opportunity to learn about the above internal arts in Switzerland from a Tai Chi master Cornelia Gruber through a german-styled board game that she made. She studied Tai Chi Chuan from a grand master Bow Sim Mark (Donnie Yen's mother) in Boston.

3689694657?profile=original

I research the voluntary movement of animals using the motion picture. this is a method started by a physiologist Étienne-Jules Marey in the 19th century in France. He took the world's first motion capture of birds while inventing a chronophotographic gun. Then his observation studies has led to the development of aerial vehicles by Étienne Œhmichen's quad copters and Louis Charles Breguet's Gyro planes. (Muybridge took a motion pictures of horses locomotion. his work is more known. despite it was for dullsville gambling. lol)

 

I also study European Horology. in this way, I can discuss about the movement of machine animals from the field of astronomy, space physics. this approach leads to the following studies
self-organization, dissipative structure theory, fluid dynamics as like as turbulence or tourbillon, discrete optimisation, collective intelligence... these are also closely related to the artificial intelligence development.

Amazon CEO which hopes to practical use of the drone for business, Jeff Bezos has a project to create an astronomical clock called The Clock of the Long Now, also called the 10,000-year clock. Someone of his project noticed immediately after I have published a mathematical formula of the voluntary movement on the web. their presented surreptitiously it in the blog of the Long Now. I called them, but does not reply. Before dozens of years from now, after the French Amazon was opened, I took their delivery service for get valuable books needed to start my project. It became a big opportunity. then I received a tiny gift and a letter of Jeff Bezos for the sake of gratitude of understanding to new business.

3689694787?profile=original

3689694858?profile=original

In 2012-2015, all activities related to my R&D project had been permitted in France by "Competence and Talent, the long-term residence permit"
Having made the first invention, I moved toward naturally to the National Library of France. so, at the underground library facility for researchers, I found a microfilm of an essay written by Abraham-Louis Breguet being the key to clarify the mystery of my inventions.

http://goo.gl/Bsu5L3

The following year, at Latin Quarter, on the day following the first formula had been completed, I found a monograph of E-J Marey to demonstrate the structural adequacy of the formula.

Because my main job is producer, I encourage diplomatically
so that legal reform progress the drone and robotics business advantageously.

Currently I got a hub in USA. In addition, I receive an invitation to talk about the future industry from the French diplomatic organisation.

Noteworthy thing, France had involving at two international movies hoping to become stepping stones to the next robotics and drone business.
"Despicable Me" series American-French co production
"Hugo" British-American-French co production

I was direct appeal about these ideas to the chef of Immigration Department in 10 years ago. so I know the executive producer and director of these movies.

However, France tried to start a war in the Middle East from the aftermath of Paris media and terrorism's conflict. now USA is in the process of the presidential election, I should not be interfare. EU industry has been chaotic by diesel exhaust gas fraud. enfin United Kingdom has exited from EU!

Read more…

Biomechanical simulation of Horse gaits

The product design of new motorcycle of biomechanical horses.

Art work plan : Biomechanical simulation of natural animals
« http://varipon.com/index.php/work-plan-3/task-31/ »

Demo reel include all application packages.

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About the formula of the voluntary movement of natural animal

 (2016.1)

A mathematics teacher of Chinon, Mrs Françoise Jacot did describe in her words the construction process for our formulas and made a demos with GeoGebra. These formulas becomes the reference of all voluntary movement.

http://varipon.com/index.php/work-plan-10/task-102-francoise-jacots-geogebra-demo/

She explains that this is similar with the Cardoid curve. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardioid

The theorem : http://varipon.com/index.php/theorem/

The divine formula : https://youtu.be/oYIEECRYmdM

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About the next generation industrial revolution on a long-term philosophy

European Horology * Chinese Martial arts * American Dream
= The next generation of Renaissance

3689694643?profile=original

1. European Horology (left)

above)
Breguet's theory about the animal force and the principle of voluntary movement
below)
Breguet's tourbillon regulator and escapement

2. Chinese Martial arts (center)

above)
Ng Mui 's Wing Chun (as well as I follow Tai Chi Chuan)
below)
Yin and yang, Wu Xing, Bagua

3. American Dream (right)

above)
William F. Goodwin 's mechanical horse toy
below)
Goodwin 's invention applied to the steam locomotive

1. European Horology

3689694723?profile=original URL http://efapmv.blogspot.jp/2016/06/section-iv-accumulated-movement-is_59.html

Applying the theory of Breguet to modern time, the movement agent(expansive movement) that he was referring, that is Λ, the cosmological constant to Einstein's equations. It's dark energy that accelerates the expansion of the universe against attraction agent(concentrating movement).

(excerpt from Section IV. Accumulated movement is available.)

"Movement, thus considered, is presented in a different aspect of that physicists gave him until here. I think, in nature, there is the matter and agents, that is to say, bodies and agents, or powers: bodies are the various modifications of matter, called substances, minerals, plants, animals, stars, atmosphere, etc.. : Agents are active principles of the material, or the general laws of nature, namely, attraction and movement. Attraction and movement are perpetually fighting;

they are two opposition movements, which should be called concentrating movement and expansive movement;

the maximum of the latter is the minimum of the other, and the maximum attraction, or concentrating movement is the minimum of expansive movement. It seems that in nature, there is no phenomenon that has not its positive and its negative. There is a principle of movement related or attractive property to each molecule of material, for unite with each other, calling in all directions. ..."

The clock mechanism metaphor to aware of the progress of the universe. It is important to the innovation of humanity.

Our new vehicles and robotics development must be practical and rational.
We can find a natural philosophy for that in the mechanical clock escapements.

Speed of the galaxy that is rotating movement far away from the center of the galaxy cluster is "too large". This is why dark matter's attraction winding up the galaxy clusters.

Abraham-Louis Breguet focusing on the tremendous power of small organisms on the Earth, he said animal movement is brought from the rotational motion of the Earth. Its motion source is the dark energy that is filled in the universe.

I imagine it as a clock mechanism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7xNhjf3eFw

Galaxy is a mainspring that is a spiral torsion spring.
Dark matter is our hands winding up the mainspring.
Dark energy is stretched force of the mainspring.
Escape wheel is a metaphor of the earth's land.
Anchor is a metaphor of living matter.
Ankle kicking a escape wheel.
such as,
Animal legs kicking Earth's land.

In other words, These living matters and the earth always are interacting to function as a regulator. (Emergence by the nonlinear interaction.) That movement energy is an open system.

In the following two example escapements, the left side anchor mean the front legs of the animal. and the right side anchor mean the rear legs.

1. The anchor escapement was probably invented by British scientist Robert Hooke around 1657
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_escapement
(Boston dynamics's WildCat demo https://youtu.be/wE3fmFTtP9g)

2. The grasshopper escapement is an unusual, low-friction escapement for pendulum clocks invented by British clockmaker John Harrison around 1722. 
https://youtu.be/xUAilK3c-RI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasshopper_escapement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harrison

In the theory of relativity, time dilation is a difference of elapsed time between two events as measured by observers either moving relative to each other or differently situated from a gravitational mass or masses. so from the local frame of reference (the trotting clock on a Horse), the relatively accelerated galloping clock on a Horse moves slower.

2. Chinese Martial arts

Our formulas construction is attributed to Chinese Internal arts in Tai Chi Chuan. that is Yin and yang, Wu Xing, Bagua.
Also those reference angle of articulated arm is attributed to Wing Chun. (135 degrees is Tan sao)
http://varipon.com/index.php/work-plan-6/task-61-formula/
http://varipon.com/index.php/work-plan-6/task-62-octagonal-formula/

Basculer aberrant
相背的 突变,蜕变

We can understand well a natural logic from the movement of Tai Chi master.

Dynamic movement of Tai Chi master is ultimate power output of voluntary movement. please take a look at following Master Roberta Lazzeri's demo. After the completely slacked (放鬆), the master emit awesome abrupt power. : https://www.facebook.com/FIWuKTaiji/videos/1099065803463862/

Then, please attention to the formula of voluntary movement (ω1) on the video uploaded.

The Yin and Yang is a joint (γ1) which is coupled to a joint (β1) and a fulcrum (α2). having tilted peacefully to the left, the joint (γ1) is suddenly rocked aggressive to the right.

So when biased to extreme, always recoil occurs powerful.
It is a fundamental natural law of yin and yang. this is because, that the Taiji (Supreme Ultimate) which is a link element coupled together by a joint (β1) and a fulcrum (α1) keep it revolution constantly same speed. the joint (β1) is disposed so as to be capable of revolving in an orbit centered on the fulcrum (α1). the Wuji (Without Ultimate) is a fulcrum (α2).

3. American Dream

William Farr Goodwin of 19th-century mechanician had been tried to give a regularity to the structure of the mechanical element of horse machine legs. (that element form is like a character of "斤") 

Probably, he had expecting a presence of the voluntary movement theorem.

3689694496?profile=originalWhen we look back the history of American industry, we can find pioneers dreams and creative potential that remain even now. For example, William Farr Goodwin had conscious of equivalence between the biomechanical movement of horse legs, and a mechanical linkage for driving the wheels of the locomotive.http://www.google.com/patents/US260383 https://research.archives.gov/id/594926

In 2005, at the Art and History Museum Neuchâtel, while watching the demonstration of three androids made by Jaquet Droz, I met a engineer of NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. then I brought him to some craftsmen's ateliers of Switzerland.

He was hoping to my future, gave to me some criticisms about the automaton of past. "Jaquet Droz family works of the 18th century are masterpieces. but french automaton of the 19th century are just toys. there is no formidable idea, however that storyteller's demonstration is fun." etc...

Among them, he so surprised when he saw the idea concept of mechanical horse legs. "Wow, where this great idea come from?" 
http://varipon.com/index.php/intro/ François Junod also did not know well about the meaning of this idea. He said humbly that this is a maybe useless toy, or a representation of mechanical poesy.

I knew that the NAS engineer had been blessed with talent of the long-range outlook. he was a top athlete of rifle shooting that is ability to capture a far away target. from his profond reaction, I recognized that mechanical horse is a most important artifact.

The difference of two masters could be seen also from driving skill. François Junod was a very polite driver like a good teacher. NAS engineer was a perfect racer with a international competition license.

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Biomechanical simulation of dung beetles

I design it to carry Relief goods to disaster city while hurtling the desert for long periods.

« explanation »
 - Fore legs decide traveling direction.
 - Mid legs which is most close to the centroid take most traction and load.
 - Hind legs are auxiliary legs for moving the left and right legs alternately and if they do not function, proceeds as butterfly stroke.

Read more…

(These analysis has still room for improvement, it will be resolved by the computer evolution. and I heard a humor of Tesla Motors that Model S Easter egg turns car into submarine. So In the next step, I'll show the biomechanical fish fins which can replace the conventional screw propellers. It useful for the unmanned underwater vehicles. 

As well as I'll study the structural design from the American railway locomotive industry before the physical implementation.)

Details :

Already a lot of people were surprised to this wing mechanism.
I observed their reaction, and understand the importance.
In the academic field, it was a discovery become crazy.

Now, I talk a truth about these ideas a little.
But, it is what hard to imagine.

Vortices inherently create drag. we can understand that with as the Cardoid curve movement, our formula (later mention) generate a symmetric vortex street pattern, unlike the Karman vortex street. and animal machine can recapture some of this energy and use it to improve speed and maneuverability.

This wing mechanism is attributed to some biomechanical techniques from Wing Chun Kung Fu. (This martial art was invented by observing the movement of white crane which was fighting against snake.)

1) Bong Sao (A.K.A. Wing Arm)
2) Tan Sao (Dispersing Arm)
3) Gan Sao (Cultivating Arm)
4) Luk Dim Boon Gwun (Long Pole)

I'm learning the above arts from an european-styled exercise method called "Wing Tjun" and Donnie Yen's IP Man movies series.

3689694680?profile=original

 


As well as, that fundamental geometric formula of voluntary movement has been attributed to the oriental philosophy in Tai Chi Chuan.

1) Yin and Yang (Dark—Bright)
2) Bagua (Eight trigrams)

I got an opportunity to learn about the above internal arts in Switzerland from a Tai Chi master Cornelia Gruber through a german-styled board game that she made. She studied Tai Chi Chuan from a grand master Bow Sim Mark (Donnie Yen's mother) in Boston.

3689694657?profile=original

[ EJ Marey ]

I research the voluntary movement of animals using the motion picture. this is a method started by a physiologist Étienne-Jules Marey in the 19th century in France. He took the world's first motion capture of birds while inventing a chronophotographic gun. Then his observation studies has led to the development of aerial vehicles by Étienne Œhmichen's quad copters and Louis Charles Breguet's Gyro planes. (Muybridge took a motion pictures of horses locomotion. his work is more known. despite it was for dullsville gambling. lol)

[ OEhmichen ]

[ Breguet ]

3689694787?profile=original

I also study European Horology. in this way, I can discuss about the movement of machine animals from the field of astronomy, space physics. this approach leads to the following studies
self-organization, dissipative structure theory, fluid dynamics as like as turbulence or tourbillon, discrete optimisation, collective intelligence... these are also closely related to the artificial intelligence development.

Amazon CEO which hopes to practical use of the drone for business, Jeff Bezos has a project to create an astronomical clock called The Clock of the Long Now, also called the 10,000-year clock. Someone of his project noticed immediately after I have published a mathematical formula of the voluntary movement on the web. their presented surreptitiously it in the blog of the Long Now. I called them, but does not reply. Before dozens of years from now, after the French Amazon was opened, I took their delivery service for get valuable books needed to start my project. It became a big opportunity. then I received a tiny gift and a letter of Jeff Bezos for the sake of gratitude of understanding to new business.

[ Books ]

In 2012-2015, all activities related to my

Read more…