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UAVs everywhere


60027_fig_01.jpg



I guess UAVs are getting more popular, as I am seeing more articles about them in not so traditional places ( although below linked article is from Electronic Design magazine so I guess theme fits ...)

It's a fairly general overview type of an article but still interesting

http://electronicdesign.com/article/embedded/page/page/page/1/uavs_conquer_the_skies.aspx

UAVs Conquer The Skies

"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) come in all shapes and sizes. They range from tiny microbots to high-flying drones like the General Atomics MQ-9
Reaper, which is ready for reconnaissance or combat (see “Unmanned Military Vehicles: Robots On The Rise”).
Remote operation is common, but autonomous and semi-autonomous
operation are in high demand since they have fewer technical
requirements and often provide more reliable operation than human
operators."....


P.S. Here is another one:

Fire Scout Scores First-Ever Drug Bust with McInerney


http://www.asdnews.com/news/27149/Fire_Scout_Scores_First-Ever_Drug_Bust_with_McInerney.htm
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Hey guys. I wanted to post this as a 'Thank you' to the community for the ideas and open source code on this site.

My girlfriend came to me, she needed an idea for a project in her LabView class. At the time, I was working on my SAGAR autonomous robot. I showed her the ArduPilot Ground Station and off she went writing her own for my robot.



I developed a communications protocol using NMEA style sentences and gave her the specifications. We worked together on a few things, like the 3D rendering of orientation, and how to plot two points on Google Earth. We would not have gotten far without looking through Ground Station source.

So, Thanks guys for everything you do.

Any other details on the interface or my SAGAR robot, can be found on my site www.billporter.info.
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3689347856?profile=original


iTunes links
AAC: http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=330632997
MP3: http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=330633212

RSS feed
AAC: http://feeds.feedburner.com/diydrones
MP3: http://feeds.feedburner.com/diydronesmp3

Check out Nima's two profiles, http://diydrones.com/profile/NimaKayvan and http://diydrones.com/profile/NimaK, as well as the Project Andromeda website: http://www.projectandromeda.com.au/


Also I forgot to mention last month was our first month to surpass 100GB of downloads. Crazy!

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AttoPilot IMU flying ParkZone Stryker

Today I flew my ParkZone Stryker with an AttoPilot IMU for the first time. The wind was 20mph and the loiter circle was 100m. I did not have a WP file set for today as I was checking my stabalization tuning. Some very minor changes needed but it really turned out extreemly well. I will fly some WP files tomorrow.

The following plots are:

Roll vs Roll target

Pitch vs Pitch target

Airspeed vs Airspeed target

Wind and Airspeed vs Heading

These birds fly rather well.

Chris

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New Advanced Servo Controller

Hello to all community members.

I have just received to my e-mail this new and very improved servo controller:

Supermodified2CAD5.gif

You can find product details at: http://www.01mech.com/supermodified


I copy the following from the site:


Attribute
Benefit
PID Speed / Position controlAccurately adjust your servo’s rotation speed according to your project’s needs
Profiled position/speed controlNo more jerky motions on your robots, only smooth transitions from one setpoint to thenext
Velocity feedbackFeedback on the exact speed of your motor – produce more efficient algorithms and better overall robotbehaviour
Incremental position feedbackFeedback based on a 0.08° increments! Store your position in EPROM and recover it afterRESET
Absolute position feedbackKnow your robot’s joint positions straight after controller initialisation. Store your position in EPROMand recover it after RESET
Additional I/OsUse your Supermodified to also control other devices with 4 available GPIOs onthe Supermodified™ MCU board
Additional analog inputsGet feedback from analog sensors with 4 analog inputs on the Supermodified™ MCU board
Ambient temperature measurementAvoid overheating the ‘guts’ of the servo by knowing ambient air temperature
Current feedbackAvoid excessive stresses and easily calculate torque-demand on your servomotor during operation by knowingthe motor’s current consumption
Bus interfaces (I2C, RS485)Everything is on the comms bus! Up to 127 (wt. I2C, TWI interface), 248 (wt. RS485interface) Supermodified™ nodes can be controlled by a single host
Form FactorControl electronics, absolute feedback element, motor drive electronics, motor and gearbox now fitinside a servo. No more messy boards and wires
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3D Robotics


Google has recently scanned and posted all of Popular Science's back issues (and they go WAY back), and there are some gems in there from the early days of autopilots. One of them is this, which describes an autopilot the legendary Maynard Hill (yes, the guy who flew a hobby UAV across the Atlantic in 2003) built that uses minute electrostatic differences with altitude to create an analog autopilot.


Here are some other pictures from the article, but you should really read the whole thing. Anyone know what went wrong with this approach and why he abandoned it?




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Ardupilot goes into the water Part 9

Yes i know!
I am late with this post, compared to the other ones.
Easter holiday is over, back on work.

Had to prepare a presentation and a demonstration of the surveying system, which i held at our local diving club on the weekend.

And i felt in love with the Dr. Depth Software. Real great stuff! After having sorted out the philosophy of operation, it was pure fun, creating new maps. There are good tutorials out in a yahoo group, that make it easier to understand some things.

All this consumed a lot of time which in turn choked my writing organs.

The presentation went good, hope that the spectators were not too confused about the technical stuff.
And the demonstration on the lake busted one of Murphy´s laws, stating that "If anything can go wrong, it will".
Nope!
All went boringly easy:
The ship went off for a 30 Minute ride, did its criscrossing over the lake, came back, switched off the motor 3 meters before it hit the shoreline and glided smoothly back to the launch point. This moments are rare in live! All systems worked as they should. No evil buoys, no panicked swans attacking the ship, no motor switch-offs, no oscillations. I still can´t believe it!

Stop dreaming Harald, back to reality.
I wanted to tell something about the Autopilot Hardware in this episode, here it is:

I think it is of no use, explaining the ArduPilot Hardware in depth on this site, because this has already been done in the ArduPilot manual. I will only focus on the differences to the "original", which are very minimal.
The biggest difference between the original is that i do not use the "fallback" solution for the RC-controlled recovery, because the missions of the ship (in future) will be by far beyond the reach of a (legal) RC system. (And the thrill is much bigger, when you know, that a software error can ruin your day by forcing you into a recovery-swimming action!)

The "fallback" solution is realized by the ATiny processor (U3 in the schematics). The ATiny measures if there is a switch signal from one channel of the RC receiver, and controls the multiplexer (U4). This multiplexer switches the source for the servo-controls. (either the control comes from the ATMEGA or from the RC-receiver).
Normally this should work without problems, because the multiplexer defaults to the ATMEGA (for the RTH / RTL functionality). But in my case there is no RC Receiver connected to the "switch" input. There are no pull-up resistors involved to keep the input level to a default level and i do not know if the internal pull-ups of the ATiny are used. To avoid erroneous readings by EMC effects, i disabled that functionality "hardwired".

This is done by two measures:

1) isolating the "TSCK" pin (pin 7,U3) of the ATiny by lifting the pin.
2) connecting Pin1 of U4 with VCC (Pin 16 of U4) to force the multiplexer to the B inputs, which come from the ATMEGA.

The modifications can be seen in the following pictures.




This are the only modifications on the Arduino-Board. Maybe this is unnecessary but i wanted to be shure, that nothing inwanted can happen. Maybe Jordi can tell me if this was necessary or not.

The rest of the hardware configuration is fairly easy:

EM 406 GPS connected directy to thec onnector U2,
The ESC ( Electronic Speed Controller) connected to the port "OUT1",
The yaw servo (the windmill turn servo) connected to the port "OUT2".
A DataLogger for Debugging purposes is connected to the Output UART from the ATMega.

The ArduPilot Board is powered by the BEC-functionality from the ESC, so there has to be a bridge between Pin 2 and 3 on the Jumper JP7.



Here is a Block diagram of the whole stuff:



Some of the components:

The ESC..

The (optional) DataLogger...

the well-known EM406

and the battery-Pack, which consists of three surplus LiIon Packs from medical equipment. (12V/16Ah(


Thats all fir the moment about the hardware-configuration.
In the next Episode the Focus will be more on the Software side.
I think one episode for the software will not be enough.
Lets see what future writing will bring...

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3D Robotics


While we work on ArduPilot's big brother (Mega), we wanted it to have a little brother, too: a cheap and easy entry-level autopilot.


The best way to do that is with a tried-and-true design, a turn-rate-limiter. The way these work is that they have a yaw gyro and a GPS. The yaw gyro stabilizes the plane, based on the correlation between bank and yaw (it works best with relative stable aircraft, ideally those that are flown with the rudder rather than ailerons, such as the EasyStar or many high-wing trainers). Meanwhile the GPS corrects for yaw gyro drift and handles navigation. It's not meant for FunJets and flying wings, but for the kind of relatively stable aircraft most newcomers start with, it can perform well and be very easy to set up.


One example of this style is the UNAV PicoPilot, which was designed nearly a decade ago. We thought it was time to come out with a modern version, based on the faster GPS modules and better gyros available today, and make it open source.


Ideally it would be priced well under $200 with everything all included. It's USB-native and self-contained, requiring no additional parts--it just a shield that plugs on top of the current ArduPilot, so it can use the standard groundstation and configuration utilities.


The above image shows the board design, which is close to going into prototype production. We may switch GPS modules to the 5Hz Locosys (Mediatek) module before we release it (cheaper, possibly better performance with the small patch antenna), and we're going to test the 25mm ceramic patch antenna vs the 18mm antenna to see how much difference they make.


Jeff Turner and Scott Plunkett are leading this team, with board tweaking by Jordi Munoz.


We'd love your feedback at this stage!


The Eagle files are here:

Turnrate_shield_nice.sch

Turnrate_shield_nice.brd



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3D Robotics
Free video streaming by Ustream

Tomorrow night we'll do podcast #21, which everyone here is welcome to participate in by listening to the chat live above and commenting and asking questions via the DIY Drones chat function. We'll be starting at 9:00 PM PST and will probably go about 40 minutes.

This week we'll by joined by Nima Kayvan, of the Project Andromeda team, which is competing in this years Australian Outback Challenge. Along with creating their own autopilot (using a commercial IMU), they built their own CNC machine to make their beautiful airframe a reality.

As always you can subscribe to the podcast here. Tonight's livecast will be recorded and available as a podcast by Tues of the next week.
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Developer

Altitude sensing - Ublox versus SCP1000

I got a SCP1000 absolute pressure sensor and have been looking at the relative performance versus ublox.


Here is the data from my first flight test - ublox is blue, scp1000 is pink. The data was taken while manually flying a SkyFun "pusher jet" in somewhat gusty wind conditions.


There are several things that stand out to me. First is that the scp data is a lot "noisier". Does this actually represent the movement of the aircraft? Perhaps. I cannot really say after this one test.


Second is that the ublox appears to lag badly during fast descents. Seems to keep up going up, but not so much coming down. I suspect this has something to do with the ublox filtering algorithm.


The third thing I see, about which I am the most curious, is that something produced some kind of offset to the pressure at the beginning and end of the flight. If you look closely at the beginning of the graph, you can see that the pressure altitude starts at the same value as the gps altitude (by definition in the software). However, while still on the ground, something causes the pressure altitude to jump down about 22 meters. It bounces back and forth for one period before takeoff. Then at the end of the flight, you can see that the landing altitude is about 22 meters below actual, but then something happens on the ground that causes it to bounce back up around the correct value. This is a real problem. My only theory so far is that putting the canopy on may be trapping some small amount of pressure. However, if this were the case I don't know how the sensor would have the relative level of accuracy it does during the flight. The effect does not appear to be related to airspeed, as the changes noted at the beginning and end were while not in motion.


I also noted that except for the bottom of the "second valley", the effect I noted above, if it is coming and going, could produce the "noise" seen in the pressure altitude. You can see that the peaks of the "noise" correspond fairly well with the gps altitude for much of the flight.


I welcome all thought and comments.....


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AIPTEK P-HD WARS

MARCY 2 FOAMED UP




Replaced the radio foam with Marcy Foam #2009 & that fixed the vibration, driving the gains way up. Yeah, it's that important.




Discovered PWM on Marcy 2 only updated at 166Hz. These problems are caused by lack of bits, so you try prescaling the timer to fit it in 16 bits. That broke rate damping. Only explanation is PWM granularity got too low. Reverted back to the unprescaled timer & added PWM debugging code. That got it to 200Hz. More points for ARM.

AIPTEK P-HD AT NIGHT

Back in the HD world. 3 years after spending $450 on the Canon TX1 & crashing it, spent $55 on an Aiptek P-HD. Though lacking zoom, it's intended for aerial video only.




So you wanna fly the $50 Aiptek at night, eh. In night shot mode it does 15fps. Results with & without night shot mode are comparable to the Canon A480. Not bad for a pinhole lens.

Your best move with the Aiptek is to stack stabilized frames shot in normal mode. It actually looks better than daylight footage because the warping is hidden.


Rolling shutter warping abounds in daylight. As expected, the corny pistol grip case vibrates sideways. It's bearable at night, but daylight footage is worthless. The 848x480 60fps mode just crops the image instead of scaling it. The Canon A480 remains the still photo champion.


It's so cheap, suspect we'll destroy it eventually & install a wide angle lens.










Without nightshot.



With nightshot.


4 stacked frames


Video is recorded at 5mbps. Headed up to our top secret altitude for some HD video. Had perfect radio contact this time, probably from flying 20m horizontally from base. Actually came out 25m lower than desired due to barometer temperature.








Unfortunately, the rolling shutter is making the video worthless. Not likely to get that stupid pistol grip to stop shaking sideways. Not likely to reorient the circuit boards to make a better case. Best idea is a balsa pyramid with foam.

Finally, there's no way to disable the Chinese piano chord which plays every time it turns on.


MARCY 2 FLIGHT

With any new design, every golf course trip ends in a crash. Every day, Marcy 1 & 2 take turns being repaired while the other 1 flies & crashes. The main causes are drifting out of radio range with Marcy 2 & getting blown out of radio range with Marcy 1.



Marcy 2 did some autonomous hovering using sonar before she crashed due to radio range. Only got 1 shot where Canon light metering worked.






Got a loop antenna & then the Hitec HS81 burned out.





MARCY 1 FLIGHT

She once again proved the difficulty of monocopter control. If you command a monocopter to tilt, it's going to tilt 1 way & immediately start oscillating the other way regardless of cyclic. Defeating the oscillation & not sensing attitude is probably all that's required to solve position hold. Cyclic doesn't flip her over.



Then She got blown out of radio range & crashed.

After extensive negotiations with the Air Force, managed to move forward on declassifying the Marcy vehicles. They're in a place Major Marcy can easily see them, but She probably never will. She seemed to put up with the idea of aircraft named after Her despite consistently shutting us down over any attempt to see Her in real life.


MORE AIPTEK P-HD 4 U



Another attempt to stop the sideways shaking. FUGGEDABOUTIT. Doesn't look good in the sideways shake department. Also, the battery won't charge anymore. It's 1 of those chargers where the voltage has to be below a certain amount before it'll charge & the maximum voltage gets lower & lower. Getting closer to the next teardown.

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3D Robotics
According to Defence Tech:

"The Air Force is asking for $3.2 million to purchase 11 WASP micro air vehicles – those wicked little Aeorvironment throwable drones that peek over the next ridge. The Air Force says the drones will allow:

Battlefield Airmen to rapidly adapt to the dynamic war fighting environment of the Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO). The system provides increased situational awareness in a combat environment, enables ground-based Battlefield Airmen to find and track time-critical targets, and provide bomb damage assessment and force protection for forward-deployed troops."



That's $291,000 each. Can this possibly be right?
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ardupilot goes into the water Part 8

Fighting with Dr. Depth.


No No, i am sorry, no Talk about the Autopilot in this episode, this will be done in the next one.

Yesterday i bought one copy of the DrDepth Software.

The first hour playing with it was frustrating.
Putting the NMEA Raw Data from the Sonar into it was a struggle.
If yo push the convert button, it says "conversion OK", but nothing happens.
After some time i found out, that this function does what it means: It converts the data. But nothing more. You then have to re-open the converted file, then it worked. The next problem were the depth artifacts from the launch-point. They created a real abyss on the launch point (about 6600m in depth)
Which in turn made the rest of the plot very flat ;-)
After having sorted out all buttons and switches, the Batteries of my MacBook went down. (the AC Adapter i have left in the company). Close to the finish and i missed it!
Nearly sleepless night.

In the morning i first did a little bit of NMEA Archeology, to find all the various files i have sampled in the past six months. A pretty lot of files!
Then i manually took out all the artifacts (the times, when i knew all the switches of GREP by heart are long ago and so i did it with a text editor). Where is that copy of this old UNIX manual from ´84 ? Maybe Ken is reading it on my bookshelf, should have a closer look in the cellar.

Then all data converted (and re-opened :-) ) in DrDepth and :

- thats it -

... in 2D ...

...in 3D...


... And the contour lines
Real amazing! It also creates the.kml reference files for the 2D and the contour files with alpha-blending.

It is crazy, what it produces with such a low amount of data! I took only a few criscrossing trips and a better result than all that MatLab crunching.
OK, there are some weaknesses in the Program, but actually im am still in the enthusiastic phase.

Thats all for today, next time something about the ArduPilot Hardware (i swear)...

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april_giveaway1.png


I'm giving away $1,000 in robot prizes to celebrate the 10th birthday of my robotics blog, GoRobotics.net, this month! To enter, just post a comment with a link to your best robot here: http://www.gorobotics.net/the-news/robot-giveaway-10-years-of-gorobotics-1000-in-prizes/. Big thanks to our sponsors Pololu, Trossen Robotics, Zagros Robotics, Solarbotics , Vex Robotics, Apress, and No Starch Press.


Here's the prizes:

Grand Prize –Vex Dual Controller Starter Bundle with RobotC (donated by Vex Robotics), Pololu Jrk 21v3 USB Motor Controller (donated by Pololu), Build Your Own CNC Machine (donated by Apress), LEGO Mindstorms NXT One-Kit Wonders (donatedby No Starch Press). ($605 total!)


2nd Place Prize - Penguin Robot (donated by Trossen Robotics), Extreme NXT(donated by Apress), Wall Hugging Mouse Kit (donated by Zagros Robotics), LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Thinking Robots (donated by No Starch Press) ($268 total!)


3rd Place Prize – Oomlout Arduino Experimenters Kit (donated by Solarbotics),Practical Arduino and LEGO Mindstorms NXT 2.0: The Kings Treasure (donated byApress), and The Unofficial LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Inventor’s Guide (donated by No Starch Press) ($165 total!)


Hope to see lots of flying robots posted! Good luck. Don't forget to post your comment here: http://www.gorobotics.net/the-news/robot-giveaway-10-years-of-gorobotics-1000-in-prizes/

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Moderator

dronejpg-bcc5cec385f619c7_large.jpg


EGLIN AIR FORCE BASE, Fla. -- A man fishing about 60 miles offshore from Tampa, Fla., on Sunday spotted something unusual: A BQM-167 drone out of Tyndall Air Force Base.

Instead of calling the Coast Guard in Mobile, Ala. -- which is what the Air Force recommends when people see such objects in the Gulf -- the fisherman towed the drone ashore to Madeira Beach.

The BQM-167 belongs to the 82nd Aerial Targets Squadron, a tenant unit at Tyndall, and was lost March 10 due to an engine flameout during a routine training exercise, the Air Force said in a news release.

MacDill's Explosive Ordnance Disposal technicians secured the drone and a team from the 82nd is expected to retrieve it this week, the Air Force said.

Now it makes me wonder how many more are down in the depths, if only I could find some sort of cheap open source based boat with a sonar on it so I could look.

Reading a little more I see they are water recoverable, so I guess the airforce was looking for it.
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